Okay, so what’s an IUD?

The IUD, or intrauterine device, is a form of birth control that is inserted into the uterus and more than 99 percent effective to prevent pregnancy. While it is can be used as a pregnancy preventive (1), insertion of an IUD within 5 days of having unprotected sex may also be a successful emergency contraceptive (2).

Need to know more about that? Check this out.

How do they work?

There are two type of IUDs: hormonal and non-hormonal. 

Skyla, Mirena, Kyleena, and Liletta are hormonal. Meaning, they contain a synthetic hormone, progestin, which thickens cervical mucus so sperm can’t reach the egg, thins the uterine wall, and can stop ovulation all together (3). 

Paraguard is currently the only brand of non-hormonal birth control in the U.S. It is made of plastic and wired with copper, which is toxic to sperm and interferes with egg fertilization (3). (This is also the type you would get inserted as the emergency contraceptive we spoke of earlier).

For more information on these IUD options click here.

Is it safe?

YES! Though it may have gotten a bad rep due to its controversial past in its earlier versions, we’re onto better things. The modern IUD is safe, effective, and convenient for almost all users- including breast/chestfeeders (4). 

Let’s talk side effects. This is what you may experience with the IUD (5) :

• Changes to your period (irregular bleeding and spotting)

• Mood changes

• Hormonal acne (along the jawline is most common)

• Breast/chest tenderness

• Headaches

• Increased instances of BV (aka bacterial vaginosis)

It is important to note that even non-hormonal IUDs affect one’s cycle and make changes to the body. 

Can I get one?

Ask your doctor. It is super important to go through things such as your medical history and sexual lifestyle with a physician before making any final decisions. They may  perform a pelvic exam and/or STI testing to ensure that the cervix, vagina, and internal organs are not infected- a dangerous risk to IUD insertion. 

Here are just some of the reasons the IUD would not be the right option for you (6):

YOU...

• Have unexplained vaginal bleeding.

• Get infections easily (due to drug use or immune system issues)

• Have more than one sexual partner.

• Have a sexual partner who has more than one sexual partner.

• Have a tumor or fibroid that would change the shape of the uterus

• Have postpartum or post-abortion endometritis in the past three months

• Have had, or at risk of having, an ectopic pregnancy

• Are allergic to the components in the IUD (levonorgestrel, silicone, polyethylene, silver or copper).

• You are pregnant. 

If it’s is determined that you are a good candidate, you will then be able to schedule an appointment to have one inserted.

Does it hurt?

Ok, let’s get real. Insertion and removal can be painful or uncomfortable for many, but that’s why we prepare ourselves, right? Knowing what to expect can be beneficial to your level of discomfort, and having a friend or partner come along for the ride may help further ease your worries. 

Let it be known now, this is not a DIY (do-it-yourself) and neither insertion or removal can be done without a health provider. The IUD can be quickly inserted in your provider’s office or clinic, and with the exception of paragard, it is mostly done during your period. The provider will first prep the cervix which includes washing it with an antiseptic solution. After this, a plastic tube containing the IUD will be slid through the vagina and into the uterus, and plunger will help position it into its place. Some people experience a brief cramping when this is being done, but the pain should subside within a few minutes. When the tube is removed, two small strings will dangle outside of the cervix and within the vagina (7) . These strings will be your new best friends! They will not only help you and your doctor check that the IUD is staying in its place, but also help the provider pull it out when it’s time. 

Check out our Tips for IUD Insertion/Removal here.

 When should I be concerned? 

Side effects will vary from person to person, but many aren't uncommon. If your IUD is causing you discomfort, pain, or side effects you don’t like, call your doctor. When it comes to the device itself, there is a small chance that it can come out of place. While this is more common in the first three months, checking that your IUD is still there by finding its strings will be helpful to make sure you are protected. 

The safety considerations for each type of intrauterine device are outlined on their website which may be useful if you are suspicious of a problem involving the IUD.

Here are the quick links to those sections:

Skyla 

Mirena 

Paraguard

Kyleena

Liletta

Is the IUD right for me?

Everyone is different, and so are birth control types. Feeling comfortable with sticking to one might take a few trials and tweaks to get your hormone recipe just right! Whether you’re a good candidate and still unsure, or you’re still deciding whether you want to take the plunge, 

The IUD could be a great option if you…

• Want an effective birth control method

• Want a low maintenance option

• Want a lighter, heavier, or nonexistent period.

• Want a BC without estrogen or no hormones at all

•  Want a long-term protection, but also the ability to return to your natural fertility as soon as you stop contraception.  

• For more info on other birth control types take a peek at this!